(VI) Task Six: Non-Continuity Editing

Non-Continuity Editing

Non-Continuity editing is the predominant style of film editing and video editing in the post-production process of filmmaking of narrative and television programs. The purpose of continuity editing is too smooth over the inherent discontinuity of the editing process and to establish a logical coherence between shots. In most films, logical coherence is achieve by cutting into continuity, which emphasises smooth transition of time and space.

In the Non-continuity has a technique called the "French New Wave" which are used by filmmakers such as Jean-Luc Godard and Francois Truffaut pushed their limits of editing technique during the late 1950s and throughout the 1960s. French New Wave films and the non-narrative films of the 1960s used to a carefree editing style and did not conform to the traditional editing etiquette of Hollywood films. French New Wave editing often draw attention to itself by its lack of continuity, its self-narrative nature (reminding the audience tat were watching a film) and  y the overt use of jump cuts or the insertion of material not often related to any narrative.

Jump Cuts:
A cut in film making in which two sequential shots of the same subject are taken from camera position that vary only slightly. This type of edit gives effect of jumping forwards in time. It is a manipulation of temporal space using the duration of a single shot, and fracturing the duration to move the audience ahead. This kind of cut abruptly communicates the passing of time as opposed to the more seamless dissolve heavily used in films predating Jean-Luc Godard's Breathless, when jump cuts were famously first used etensively. For this reason, jump cuts are considered a violation of classical continuity editing, which aims to give the appearance of continuous time and space in the story-world by de-emphasixing editing. jump cuts, in contrast, draw attention to the constructed nature of the film.


Breaking the 180 Degree Rule:
In film making, the 180-degree rule is a basic guideline regarding the on-screen spatial relationship between a character and another character or object within a scene. An imaginary line called the axis connects the characters, and by keeping the camera on one side of this axis of every shot in the scene, the first character is always frame right of the second character, who is then always frame left of the first. The character passing over the axis is called jumping the line or crossing the line. The object that is being filmed must always remain in the centre, while the camera must always face towards the object.

(V) Task Five: Continuity Editing

Continuity Editing

Continuity Editing became known as the popular 'Classical Hollywood' style of editing was developed by early european and american directors, in particular D.W. Griffith in his films such as "The Birth of a Nation" and "Intolerance"

The classical style ensures temporal and spatial continuity as a way of advancing narrative, using such techniques as the 180 degree rule, Match on Action and Shot and Reverse on. It helps relation a sense of realistic chronology and generates feeling that time is moving forward. It doesn't mean you can't use a flashbacks or flash forwards, as long as the narrative will still be seen to progressing forward in a expected or realistic way.

Eye Line Match:
This techniques links two shots together. We see a character looking at something off screen and then we cut to a shot of what they are looking at. This allows the audience to experience an event in the film.

The 180 Degree Rule:
The 180 Degree Rule is a basic guideline that strikes that two characters (or other elements) in the same scene should always have the same left/right relationship to each other. If the camera passes over the imaginary line axis connecting the two subjects, it is called crossing the line.

Match on Action:
This technique links two shots together. We see a character start an action in one shot, the camera then cuts to a different angle and we see the character finish the action in the second shot. this technique ensues that the action seems like one natural and realistic movement even when the actor may have really performed it twice.

Shot and Reverse Shot:
This technique links two shots togehter. The first shot reveals one character and the second shot reveals the second character. This allows the audience to connect the two characters and realise that they are interacting with each other.

(IV) Task Four: Montage

Montage

In our next class filming, we are making our montage which consist two shots of video within our topics. The topics that we have to make are Montage which the term montage has a slightly different meaning when reffered to in the following three contexts:

French Film
Soviet Filmmaking of the 1920s
Hollywood Cinema

The French Film practice "montage" has its literal french meaning (assembly, installation) and simply identifies editing which we did not use so forge this one.

The Soviet Filmmaking of the 1920s, "montage" was a method of juxtaposing shots to derive new meaning that did not exist in either shot alone. This montage is the main example that we use in one of our main montages. This montage is based on silent films and how they converts two things at once with just music and non-talking.

The person who came up with these montages is Lev Kuleshov was among the very first one to theorise about the relatively young medium of the cinema in the 1920s. He argued his way in to making another version on editing. He ways of the argument of editing was to have a way to constructing the film like a building. Brick-by-brick but with clip-by-clip the film is erected into a full movie or film. to prove his point, he tried to experiment it which came out like a success. By making it a big success, he took an old film clip of a noted russian actor and inter-cut the shot with different images.

When he showed the film to people they praised the actor's acting - the hunger in his face, when he saw the soup, the delight in the woman and he grief of the little girl. The simple act of juxtaposing the shots in a sequence made the relationship. The audience was able to infer meaning from looking at the two shots.

Sergei Eisenstein was briefly a student of Kuleshov's, but the two parted ways bceause they had different ideas of montage. By contrasting unrelated shots Eisenstein tried to provide associations in the viewers which were induced by shocks.

There are two clips that used as a example for our two montages and they were "Strike: and "Rocky Balboa" which are the montage of silence film and sound film.

The Strike: The strike was used as the Soviet Silence film as it was made many years before the ending of the silence film.

Plot
The workers must have rebelled on the Soviet army as they are changing the law of the workers' job and their money policy.

In the Hollywood Cinema, a "montage sequence" is a film in which narrative information is presented in a condensed fashion. For example, Rocky Balboa, the movement and the daily workout of Rocky which will take months but towards the viewers it will look like a week or a day.

There are two sets of montages that are used for our film Soviet and Hollywood.

For our Soviet Montage, we decided to have silent movement and speech for this film. Our choice of Soviet montage is called "Daydreaming" which we decided to do since I was the only one in the group who is always daydreaming. In this film, I will be playing the daydreamer, Edison and Usman are he thieves, Babs is directing and Ronaldo is filming. The plot of this film is the daydreamer is dreaming about his phone and how he misses them but he has flashback of why he misses his phone for they were stolen by thieves and they ran off with his phone. Then he goes back to reality only to daydream about the money to buy a new phone.



For our Hollywood Montage, we decided to have a film that involves action and creativity for this film. Our choice of Hollywood montage is called "The Boxer's Interview" which we decided to do since Babs decide to rein act the Rocky Training session from Rocky. In this film, Babs is the Boxer, Ronaldo is his Coach, Usman is the Presenter of the Match, I am the Rival of the Boxer and Edison is the Cameraman. Edison, Ronaldo, Me and Usman was the interviewer of the Boxer. The plot of this film is the interview with the Boxer and his flashback of his training with coach for the upcoming match with his rival. Then at the ending of the film, he begins his match with his rival.


With these two films completed, uploading it and placing it on the YouTube was kind of hard as we have to go through different staging which is making the work complete.

That Montage Coursework Complete

(III) Task Three: From Analogue to Digital Editing

From Analogue to Digital Editing

Analogue Editing:

Analogue editing was around before it all changed into digital editing. Before computers were created, they used analogue editing which was all done by hand, nothing was done by using software. You had a copy of the positive film where all the footage went onto when it was filmed. They then took the film and cut it in different parts parts using a splicer and pasted it onto different pieces of film to create the cutaways. With analogue editing it then had to be fed through a machine, this shows how much the editing techniques has changed over the years how now it can all be done on a computer and no messing around is needed.

Traditionally films are made up images printed on to acetate negatives. These are "spliced" together to form a reel of film.

Moviola

A moviola is a device that allows a film editor to view film while editing. It was the first machine for motion picture editing when it was invented by a man named Iwan Serrurier in the year 1924. The moviola the company is still in existence and is located in Hollywood where part of the facility is located on one of the original Moviola factory floors.

Video editing is the process of editing segments of motion video production footage, special effects and sound recording in the post-production process. Before digital technologies became available magnetic tapes were used to store information. These are known as videotapes

Digital Editing

Digital Editing is a form of electronic media where data are stored in digital (as opposed to analogue) form. Digital Editing is use of computer to order and manipulate this digital data. Digital camera use bits and bytes (strings of 1s and 0s) to record, transmit and reply. In digital video editing, non-linear editing is a method that allows you to access any frame in a digital video clip regardless of sequence in the clip.

The freedom to access any frame, and a cut and paste method, similar to the ease of cutting and pasting text in a word processor, and allows you to easily include fades, transition and other effects that cannot be achieved with linear editing.

(II) Task Two: Developing Editing Technique

Developing Editing Technique

This is a blog about first basis on In Camera Editing, where you just record scene by scene of the film.  All you have to do is just create your filmmaking ideas, put it together and record by pressing play and pause when you want the scene to record. You can record you film for minute or so but make sure you don't pause while filming, make up a sign to say that you are filming and don't laugh while holding the camera or lose you characters.

Here is some things I want to add for you to take as my advice. This part of the blog is a introduction my group over where I filming in Robert Clack for my Media BTEC class.

Our media class have been given a task to create a video that will take 60 minutes or so and make it as a first camera making film. Before making our video, we were put in a group of four or five and I became a fifth member in our group. Our group consist with Me (Theo), Babajide (Babs), Edison, Ronaldo and Usman. So we spent about 20 or 30 minutes planning how we should make a film but we couldn't decide what do in our video.

We kept on coming up with stupid filmmaking ideas but none of us agreed towards these ideas. We decided to give up from then and follow the ideas that we has chosen as the one ideas we have to make. The film that we have chosen that we all have to do under pressure was an Advertising ideas on the main item we see

Luckily one of the teachers helped us with us with decision making and he came up with a plan for us four boys talking about what boys like talking about. We all said football. So we made a quick plan as we are going to the main set of our film and we thought of our plan to make the film.

If you are wondering who is who well you in luck. Edison is playing a kid who has just watched his favorite team play last night but lost, so he is sulking at the bench. Theo and Usman are his friends complaining towards Edison on sulking about his team when they got millions of chances to play better next season. Babs is playing Edison's other friend who is mocking Edison about his love for the team. And finally Ronaldo is filming the whole thing.

After filming their is no editing in your film because it is homemade film but you do need to make the film over and over again to make it perfect by improving on the errors that you made before. Once you make a "Perfect Film", you have to send it on youtube to let your viewers see. On your phone all you have to do is get wifi, upload it on youtube, name it and then send it. In couple of minutes you find your film on youtube if you remember the name of your film. The film is ready to be watched on youtube as Babs, Theo, Edison, Ronaldo, Usman In Camera Editing.

That Developing Editing Technique complete.

(I) Task One: Editing in Early Cinema

Task One – Editing in Early Cinema

The editing of the early cinema happened due to the discovery of the kinetographic camera and the Kinetoscope created by Thomas Edison. With this invention of Edison, a group of men decided to use the new inventions to make a film after watching Thomas Edison's 35mm film strip with a projector to play it to show everyone in the audience.

Edwin S. Porter worked as an electrician before joining the film laboratory of Thomas Alva Edison in the late 1890s. He and Thomas worked together to make longer more interesting films. Porter made the breaking through film Life of an American Fireman in 1903. The film was among the first that had a plot, action and even a close up of a hand pulling a fire alarm. Porter discovered important aspects of motion picture language: that the screen image does not need to show a complete person from head to toe.

In his next film, The Great Train Robbery in 1903, Porter created an archetypal American Western story, which was known to the audience from novels and stage melodrama, and made it an entirely new visual experience. The Great Train Robbery was a one-reel film, with a running time of exactly twelve minutes, was assembled in twenty separate shots, along with a starling close-up of a bandit firing a bullet and he camera. The film used many different indoor and outdoor locations and was very groundbreaking in its use of "cross-cutting" in editing to show simultaneous action in different places.

No films before the Great Train Robbery had created such swift movement or variety of scenes like this film. The Great Train Robbery was enormously popular. For several years, it toured throughout the States, an in 1905 it was the premier attraction at the first nickelodeon. Its success firmly established motion pictures as commercial entertainment in America.

However, after the filming they each have to make a decision on which part should be accurate at the specific time for the film to be a success and back then they can't just delete a part of the film but they will be very careful on editing of the film and bringing the in the procedure to make film good for the viewers.

Another editor was known as Charles Pathe who created similar editing but with a brand new way for editing it is called Parallel Editing. Using this method, Charles Pathe created the Horse that Bolted with only two main characters, the horse and his owner, the delivery man. Although the video doesn't not exist in it own name but another name that is known as the Runaway Horse.

Finally another man who followed the path of filmmaking was D.W. Griffith was one of the early supporters of the power of editing. He also use a method which is called the cross-cutting to show parallel action in a different types of locations. his work was extremely regarded by many greatly influence the early filmmakers understanding of film editing.

That Early in Editing Camera completed.