(VIII) Task Eight: Transition and Effects

Transition and Effects

A transition effect is a special effect used to introduce a scene during a film. For example, you can play a sound when the slide appears, or you can make the slide fade in from the black. Apply a transition effect to a single slide to add emphasis, or add the transition to every slide.

In the transition effect, there are a few ways to make an effect in the film. Transition, Straight Cut, Dissolves, Fades, Wipes, Graphic Match, Following the Action, Multiple Point of View, Shot Variation and Manipulation of Time and Space. These are used to make the film more effective and more interesting when a scenes needs to change to the next scene.

Transition: The movement from one shot to another.

Straight Cut: Most common and "invisible" form of transition. One shot moves istantaneously to the next without attracting the audience's attention. Straight cuts help retain reality. They do not break the viewers suspension of disbelief.

Dissolves: Fading one shot off the screen while another shot is fading in. The audience will be able to see both shots on the screen at mid-point of the dissolve. Used by the film maker who wants to show a connection between characters, places or objects.

Fades: A gradual darkening or lightening of a an image until it becomes black or white. One shot will fade until only a black or white screen can be seen. Used to indicate the end of a particular section of time within the narrative. Can show the passing of time.

Wipes: One image is pushed off the screen by another. Images can be pushed left or right. It is more common for the image to be pushed off the left-hand side as this movement is more consistent with sense of time moving forward. Used to signal a movement between different locations that are experiencing the same time. Fore example, wipes has been extensively used in Star Wars films.

Graphic Match: In Psycho, matching the circular image of the plug hole with the next image of Marion's eye.

Following the Action:"Following the Action is when there is movement, or in an action scene, the camera would follow the event/action that is taking place. In the extract from "Mr & Mrs Smith the camera rotates around the gun battle to show more of the action instead of saying at one angle.

Multiple Points of View: This where the characters/actors are showing each side of particular point of view. Where one character will show what he/she is seeing and then it will change to the secondary character and do the same.

Shot Variation: Shot Variation is when a shot is uninterrupted by editing and the shot distance changes. The shot can be either static or mobile but it must be a continuous motion. For example, the shot begins as long or wide shot and ends in close-up. In following example from The Matrix, it begins in long shot, the camera moves in a circular motion and ends in a mid-shot.

Manipulation of Time and Space: Manipulation of Time of Space is when a film uses effects to show an age or time change. Either a person, an object or even an environment is shown either getting younger or getting older. It can be something as simple as using a colour filter or the desaturation of an image to show a different point in time. There are many films which uses this technique but an example is The Time machine. The time traveller enters the time machine and the environment change as he travels through time.

A more modern version of this effect is seen in the third of the Harry Potter films: Harry Potter Time Turner. (Harry Potter is my favourite film and books)

Detention BERTU

Detention BERTU is our 2014 latest film editing about three boys who are in after school detention with their Math Teacher, Mr. Shokeye who kept them behind for failing to do their homework. During detention, Mr Shokeye ask them question about their learning abilities and then leaves the classroom to sort out some business. While alone in the classroom with no teachers, the three boys begin to remember the times with Mr. Shokeye which was caused by mischief and laughter. In this film editing, we use a method known as flashbacks for the characters remembering their time with their math teacher and their previous detention. We added in the all those secrets to Transition and effects into each scenes and then put them together to create  film with all those effects in them. The film then became a fourteen minute film with added in bloopers at the end with the ending credit.

Task VIII: COMPLETED

(VII) Task Seven: Engaging the Viewers/Creating Pace

Creating Pace

Creating Pace is when editing is used to speed up or slow down a film. The pace of an edit can alter the way the audiences views the film. For example action films are usually fast paced, this is done editing shots so they are short and then quickly cut to another shot. Drama films normally use slower shots, this is to allow the audience to see and understand a scene, and to understand the character. This is done by having longer shots in a scene.

There are some techniques used to create a pace and they are:

Speed of Editing, Speed of Editing - Creating Pace, Cross Cutting, Developing Drama and Cutaway.

Speed of Editing

In a film each scene may last a matter of seconds, or it could continue for minutes but the length of each sequence establishes the pace of the film moving the action along. The speed of editing will help determine the mood of what is taking place on screen.

Speed of Editing - Creating Pace

If the audience is to feel anxiety and suspense the editing will be quick - the scenes/shots changing frequently. For example, in an action sequence. If a relaxed mood is desired, the scenes last longer and chance less frequently. For example, in a romantic comedy. Nevertheless, a film doesn't need to have any editing. The film, Russian Ark was filmed in an take using a Steadicam and a digital camera. A trailer for a film needs to pack in detail from throughout the film. Therefore, the editing will be very fast.

Cross Cutting

To cross cut is to edit together two sequences that the audience need to know are connected in some way. Something is happening at the same time in different location. A character reliving a memory. 

Developing Drama

Cross cutting can be used to very effectively develop a sense of drama.

Cutaway

A cutaway is used to reveal details to the audience without detracting from the narrative or the action.

With this video that we made, we used the six editing process into our video to make the creating pace effect to the point where it can be called the creating pace video. Here in the film, we have different scenes to show that this character is moving from different places and appearances and disappearance of the other characters in the film. We combined the scenes to form a video that shows the scenes of the films. Once we did that is done, then add in music to make the film more interesting in the scenes of the film and we completed it by calling the "Creating Pace" on Youtube.

That is Engaging the Viewers/ Creating Pace done.

(VI) Task Six: Non-Continuity Editing

Non-Continuity Editing

Non-Continuity editing is the predominant style of film editing and video editing in the post-production process of filmmaking of narrative and television programs. The purpose of continuity editing is too smooth over the inherent discontinuity of the editing process and to establish a logical coherence between shots. In most films, logical coherence is achieve by cutting into continuity, which emphasises smooth transition of time and space.

In the Non-continuity has a technique called the "French New Wave" which are used by filmmakers such as Jean-Luc Godard and Francois Truffaut pushed their limits of editing technique during the late 1950s and throughout the 1960s. French New Wave films and the non-narrative films of the 1960s used to a carefree editing style and did not conform to the traditional editing etiquette of Hollywood films. French New Wave editing often draw attention to itself by its lack of continuity, its self-narrative nature (reminding the audience tat were watching a film) and  y the overt use of jump cuts or the insertion of material not often related to any narrative.

Jump Cuts:
A cut in film making in which two sequential shots of the same subject are taken from camera position that vary only slightly. This type of edit gives effect of jumping forwards in time. It is a manipulation of temporal space using the duration of a single shot, and fracturing the duration to move the audience ahead. This kind of cut abruptly communicates the passing of time as opposed to the more seamless dissolve heavily used in films predating Jean-Luc Godard's Breathless, when jump cuts were famously first used etensively. For this reason, jump cuts are considered a violation of classical continuity editing, which aims to give the appearance of continuous time and space in the story-world by de-emphasixing editing. jump cuts, in contrast, draw attention to the constructed nature of the film.


Breaking the 180 Degree Rule:
In film making, the 180-degree rule is a basic guideline regarding the on-screen spatial relationship between a character and another character or object within a scene. An imaginary line called the axis connects the characters, and by keeping the camera on one side of this axis of every shot in the scene, the first character is always frame right of the second character, who is then always frame left of the first. The character passing over the axis is called jumping the line or crossing the line. The object that is being filmed must always remain in the centre, while the camera must always face towards the object.

(V) Task Five: Continuity Editing

Continuity Editing

Continuity Editing became known as the popular 'Classical Hollywood' style of editing was developed by early european and american directors, in particular D.W. Griffith in his films such as "The Birth of a Nation" and "Intolerance"

The classical style ensures temporal and spatial continuity as a way of advancing narrative, using such techniques as the 180 degree rule, Match on Action and Shot and Reverse on. It helps relation a sense of realistic chronology and generates feeling that time is moving forward. It doesn't mean you can't use a flashbacks or flash forwards, as long as the narrative will still be seen to progressing forward in a expected or realistic way.

Eye Line Match:
This techniques links two shots together. We see a character looking at something off screen and then we cut to a shot of what they are looking at. This allows the audience to experience an event in the film.

The 180 Degree Rule:
The 180 Degree Rule is a basic guideline that strikes that two characters (or other elements) in the same scene should always have the same left/right relationship to each other. If the camera passes over the imaginary line axis connecting the two subjects, it is called crossing the line.

Match on Action:
This technique links two shots together. We see a character start an action in one shot, the camera then cuts to a different angle and we see the character finish the action in the second shot. this technique ensues that the action seems like one natural and realistic movement even when the actor may have really performed it twice.

Shot and Reverse Shot:
This technique links two shots togehter. The first shot reveals one character and the second shot reveals the second character. This allows the audience to connect the two characters and realise that they are interacting with each other.

(IV) Task Four: Montage

Montage

In our next class filming, we are making our montage which consist two shots of video within our topics. The topics that we have to make are Montage which the term montage has a slightly different meaning when reffered to in the following three contexts:

French Film
Soviet Filmmaking of the 1920s
Hollywood Cinema

The French Film practice "montage" has its literal french meaning (assembly, installation) and simply identifies editing which we did not use so forge this one.

The Soviet Filmmaking of the 1920s, "montage" was a method of juxtaposing shots to derive new meaning that did not exist in either shot alone. This montage is the main example that we use in one of our main montages. This montage is based on silent films and how they converts two things at once with just music and non-talking.

The person who came up with these montages is Lev Kuleshov was among the very first one to theorise about the relatively young medium of the cinema in the 1920s. He argued his way in to making another version on editing. He ways of the argument of editing was to have a way to constructing the film like a building. Brick-by-brick but with clip-by-clip the film is erected into a full movie or film. to prove his point, he tried to experiment it which came out like a success. By making it a big success, he took an old film clip of a noted russian actor and inter-cut the shot with different images.

When he showed the film to people they praised the actor's acting - the hunger in his face, when he saw the soup, the delight in the woman and he grief of the little girl. The simple act of juxtaposing the shots in a sequence made the relationship. The audience was able to infer meaning from looking at the two shots.

Sergei Eisenstein was briefly a student of Kuleshov's, but the two parted ways bceause they had different ideas of montage. By contrasting unrelated shots Eisenstein tried to provide associations in the viewers which were induced by shocks.

There are two clips that used as a example for our two montages and they were "Strike: and "Rocky Balboa" which are the montage of silence film and sound film.

The Strike: The strike was used as the Soviet Silence film as it was made many years before the ending of the silence film.

Plot
The workers must have rebelled on the Soviet army as they are changing the law of the workers' job and their money policy.

In the Hollywood Cinema, a "montage sequence" is a film in which narrative information is presented in a condensed fashion. For example, Rocky Balboa, the movement and the daily workout of Rocky which will take months but towards the viewers it will look like a week or a day.

There are two sets of montages that are used for our film Soviet and Hollywood.

For our Soviet Montage, we decided to have silent movement and speech for this film. Our choice of Soviet montage is called "Daydreaming" which we decided to do since I was the only one in the group who is always daydreaming. In this film, I will be playing the daydreamer, Edison and Usman are he thieves, Babs is directing and Ronaldo is filming. The plot of this film is the daydreamer is dreaming about his phone and how he misses them but he has flashback of why he misses his phone for they were stolen by thieves and they ran off with his phone. Then he goes back to reality only to daydream about the money to buy a new phone.



For our Hollywood Montage, we decided to have a film that involves action and creativity for this film. Our choice of Hollywood montage is called "The Boxer's Interview" which we decided to do since Babs decide to rein act the Rocky Training session from Rocky. In this film, Babs is the Boxer, Ronaldo is his Coach, Usman is the Presenter of the Match, I am the Rival of the Boxer and Edison is the Cameraman. Edison, Ronaldo, Me and Usman was the interviewer of the Boxer. The plot of this film is the interview with the Boxer and his flashback of his training with coach for the upcoming match with his rival. Then at the ending of the film, he begins his match with his rival.


With these two films completed, uploading it and placing it on the YouTube was kind of hard as we have to go through different staging which is making the work complete.

That Montage Coursework Complete

(III) Task Three: From Analogue to Digital Editing

From Analogue to Digital Editing

Analogue Editing:

Analogue editing was around before it all changed into digital editing. Before computers were created, they used analogue editing which was all done by hand, nothing was done by using software. You had a copy of the positive film where all the footage went onto when it was filmed. They then took the film and cut it in different parts parts using a splicer and pasted it onto different pieces of film to create the cutaways. With analogue editing it then had to be fed through a machine, this shows how much the editing techniques has changed over the years how now it can all be done on a computer and no messing around is needed.

Traditionally films are made up images printed on to acetate negatives. These are "spliced" together to form a reel of film.

Moviola

A moviola is a device that allows a film editor to view film while editing. It was the first machine for motion picture editing when it was invented by a man named Iwan Serrurier in the year 1924. The moviola the company is still in existence and is located in Hollywood where part of the facility is located on one of the original Moviola factory floors.

Video editing is the process of editing segments of motion video production footage, special effects and sound recording in the post-production process. Before digital technologies became available magnetic tapes were used to store information. These are known as videotapes

Digital Editing

Digital Editing is a form of electronic media where data are stored in digital (as opposed to analogue) form. Digital Editing is use of computer to order and manipulate this digital data. Digital camera use bits and bytes (strings of 1s and 0s) to record, transmit and reply. In digital video editing, non-linear editing is a method that allows you to access any frame in a digital video clip regardless of sequence in the clip.

The freedom to access any frame, and a cut and paste method, similar to the ease of cutting and pasting text in a word processor, and allows you to easily include fades, transition and other effects that cannot be achieved with linear editing.

(II) Task Two: Developing Editing Technique

Developing Editing Technique

This is a blog about first basis on In Camera Editing, where you just record scene by scene of the film.  All you have to do is just create your filmmaking ideas, put it together and record by pressing play and pause when you want the scene to record. You can record you film for minute or so but make sure you don't pause while filming, make up a sign to say that you are filming and don't laugh while holding the camera or lose you characters.

Here is some things I want to add for you to take as my advice. This part of the blog is a introduction my group over where I filming in Robert Clack for my Media BTEC class.

Our media class have been given a task to create a video that will take 60 minutes or so and make it as a first camera making film. Before making our video, we were put in a group of four or five and I became a fifth member in our group. Our group consist with Me (Theo), Babajide (Babs), Edison, Ronaldo and Usman. So we spent about 20 or 30 minutes planning how we should make a film but we couldn't decide what do in our video.

We kept on coming up with stupid filmmaking ideas but none of us agreed towards these ideas. We decided to give up from then and follow the ideas that we has chosen as the one ideas we have to make. The film that we have chosen that we all have to do under pressure was an Advertising ideas on the main item we see

Luckily one of the teachers helped us with us with decision making and he came up with a plan for us four boys talking about what boys like talking about. We all said football. So we made a quick plan as we are going to the main set of our film and we thought of our plan to make the film.

If you are wondering who is who well you in luck. Edison is playing a kid who has just watched his favorite team play last night but lost, so he is sulking at the bench. Theo and Usman are his friends complaining towards Edison on sulking about his team when they got millions of chances to play better next season. Babs is playing Edison's other friend who is mocking Edison about his love for the team. And finally Ronaldo is filming the whole thing.

After filming their is no editing in your film because it is homemade film but you do need to make the film over and over again to make it perfect by improving on the errors that you made before. Once you make a "Perfect Film", you have to send it on youtube to let your viewers see. On your phone all you have to do is get wifi, upload it on youtube, name it and then send it. In couple of minutes you find your film on youtube if you remember the name of your film. The film is ready to be watched on youtube as Babs, Theo, Edison, Ronaldo, Usman In Camera Editing.

That Developing Editing Technique complete.